|
Ingredient
|
Amount
|
Substitution
|
|
Allspice
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, and 1/4
teaspoon cloves
|
|
Arrowroot starch
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 tablespoon flour, OR 1
teaspoon cornstarch
|
|
Baking mix
|
1 cup
|
|
|
Baking powder
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar
OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk (decrease liquid in
recipe by 1/2 cup)
|
|
Beer
|
1 cup
|
1 cup nonalcoholic beer OR 1
cup chicken broth
|
|
Brandy
|
1/4 cup
|
1 teaspoon imitation brandy extract plus enough water to
make 1/4 cup
|
|
Bread crumbs
|
1 cup
|
1 cup cracker crumbs OR 1 cup matzo meal OR 1 cup ground
oats
|
|
Broth: beef or chicken
|
1 cup
|
1 bouillon cube plus 1 cup boiling water OR1 tablespoon soy sauce plus
enough water to make 1 cup OR 1
cup vegetable broth
|
|
Brown sugar
|
1 cup, packed
|
1 cup white sugar plus 1/4 cup molasses and decrease the
liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup OR 1
cup white sugar OR 1
1/4 cups confectioners' sugar
|
|
Butter (salted)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup margarine OR 1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt
OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2
teaspoon salt
|
|
Butter (unsalted)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup shortening OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil OR 7/8 cup lard
|
|
Buttermilk
|
1 cup
|
1 cup yogurt OR 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus
enough milk to make 1 cup
|
|
Cheddar cheese
|
1 cup shredded
|
1 cup shredded Colby cheddar OR 1 cup shredded Monterey Jack cheese
|
|
Chervil
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh parsley
|
|
Chicken base
|
1 tablespoon
|
1 cup canned or homemade chicken broth or stock. Reduce
liquid in recipe by 1 cup
|
|
Chocolate(semisweet)
|
1 ounce
|
1 (1-ounce) square of unsweetened chocolate plus 4
teaspoons sugar OR 1
ounce semisweet chocolate chips plus 1 teaspoon shortening
|
|
Chocolate (unsweetened)
|
1 ounce
|
3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa plus 1 tablespoon
shortening or vegetable oil
|
|
Cocoa
|
1/4 cup
|
1 (1-ounce) square unsweetened chocolate
|
|
Condensed cream of mushroom soup
|
1 (10.75-ounce) can
|
1 (10.75-ounce) can condensed cream of celery, cream of
chicken, OR golden mushroom soup
|
|
Corn syrup
|
1 cup
|
1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup water OR 1 cup honey OR 1 cup light treacle
syrup
|
|
Cottage cheese
|
1 cup
|
1 cup farmer's cheese OR 1
cup ricotta cheese
|
|
Cracker crumbs
|
1 cup
|
1 cup bread crumbs OR 1
cup matzo meal OR 1
cup ground oats
|
|
Cream (half and half)
|
1 cup
|
7/8 cup milk plus 1 tablespoon butter
|
|
Cream (heavy)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup evaporated milk OR 3/4
cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter
|
|
Cream (light)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup evaporated milk OR 3/4 cup milk plus 3 tablespoons
butter
|
|
Cream (whipped)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup frozen whipped topping, thawed
|
|
Cream cheese
|
1 cup
|
1 cup pureed cottage cheese OR 1
cup plain yogurt, strained overnight in a cheesecloth
|
|
Cream of tartar
|
1 teaspoon
|
2 teaspoons lemon juice or vinegar
|
|
Crème fraiche
|
1 cup
|
Combine 1 cup of heavy cream and 1 tablespoon of plain
yogurt. Let stand for 6 hours at room temperature
|
|
Egg
|
1 whole (3 tablespoons or 1.7 oz)
|
2 1/2 tablespoons of powdered egg substitute plus 2 1/2
tablespoons water OR1/4 cup
liquid egg substitute OR 1/4
cup silken tofu pureed OR 3 tablespoons mayonnaise OR half a banana mashed
with 1/2 teaspoon baking powder OR 1
tablespoon powdered flax seed soaked in 3 tablespoons water
|
|
Evaporated milk
|
1 cup
|
1 cup light cream
|
|
Farmer's cheese
|
8 ounces
|
8 ounces dry cottage cheese OR 8
ounces creamed cottage cheese, drained
|
|
Fats for baking
|
1 cup
|
1 cup applesauce OR 1
cup fruit puree
|
|
Flour--Bread
|
1 cup
|
1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon wheat gluten
(available at health food stores & some supermarkets)
|
|
Flour--Cake
|
1 cup
|
1 cup all-purpose flour minus 2 tablespoons
|
|
Flour--Self-Rising
|
1 cup
|
7/8 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 1/2 teaspoons baking
powder and 1/2 teaspoon of salt
|
|
Garlic
|
1 clove
|
1/8 teaspoon garlic powder OR 1/2
teaspoon granulated garlic OR 1/2
teaspoon garlic salt--reduce salt in recipe
|
|
Gelatin
|
1 tablespoon, granulated
|
2 teaspoons agar agar
|
|
Ginger--dry
|
1 teaspoon
|
2 teaspoons chopped fresh ginger
|
|
Ginger--fresh
|
1 teaspoon, minced
|
1/2 teaspoon ground dried ginger
|
|
Green onion
|
1/2 cup , chopped
|
1/2 cup chopped onion, OR 1/2
cup chopped leek OR 1/2
cup chopped shallots
|
|
Hazelnuts
|
1 cup whole
|
1 cup macadamia nuts OR 1
cup almonds
|
|
Herbs--fresh
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh
|
1 teaspoon (chopped or whole leaf) dried herbs
|
|
Herring
|
8 ounces
|
8 ounces of sardines
|
|
Honey
|
1 cup
|
1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup water OR 1 cup corn syrup OR 1 cup light treacle
syrup
|
|
Hot pepper sauce
|
1 teaspoon
|
3/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper plus 1 teaspoon vinegar
|
|
Ketchup
|
1 cup
|
1 cup tomato sauce plus 1 teaspoon vinegar plus 1
tablespoon sugar
|
|
Lard
|
1 cup
|
1 cup shortening OR 7/8
cup vegetable oil OR 1
cup butter
|
|
Lemon grass
|
2 fresh stalks
|
1 tablespoon lemon zest
|
|
Lemon juice
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/2 teaspoon vinegar OR 1
teaspoon white wine OR 1
teaspoon lime juice
|
|
Lemon zest
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/2 teaspoon lemon extract OR 2
tablespoons lemon juice
|
|
Lime juice
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 teaspoon vinegar OR 1
teaspoon white wine OR 1
teaspoon lemon juice
|
|
Lime zest
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 teaspoon lemon zest
|
|
Macadamia nuts
|
1 cup
|
1 cup almonds OR 1
cup hazelnuts
|
|
Mace
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 teaspoon nutmeg
|
|
Margarine
|
1 cup
|
1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt OR1 cup butter OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil
plus 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 7/8
cup lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt
|
|
Mayonnaise
|
1 cup
|
1 cup sour cream OR 1
cup plain yogurt
|
|
Milk--whole
|
1 cup
|
1 cup soy milk OR 1
cup rice milk OR 1
cup water or juice OR 1/4
cup dry milk powder plus 1 cup water OR 2/3
cup evaporated milk plus 1/3 cup water
|
|
Mint--fresh
|
1/4 cup chopped
|
1 tablespoon dried mint leaves
|
|
Molasses
|
1 cup
|
Mix 3/4 cup brown sugar and 1 teaspoon cream of tartar
|
|
Mustard--prepared
|
1 tablespoon
|
Mix together 1 tablespoon dried mustard, 1 teaspoon water,
1 teaspoon vinegar and 1 teaspoon sugar
|
|
Onion
|
1 cup, chopped
|
1 cup chopped green onions OR 1
cup chopped shallots OR 1
cup chopped leeks OR 1/4
cup dried minced onion OR 1/4
cup onion powder
|
|
Orange juice
|
1 tablespoon
|
1 tablespoon other citrus juice
|
|
Orange zest
|
1 tablespoon
|
1/2 teaspoon orange extract OR 1
teaspoon lemon juice
|
|
Parmesan cheese
|
1/2 cup, grated
|
1/2 cup grated Asiago cheese OR 1/2 cup grated Romano cheese
|
|
Parsley
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh chervil OR 1 teaspoon dried
parsley
|
|
Pepperoni
|
1 ounce
|
1 ounce salami
|
|
Raisin
|
1 cup
|
1 cup dried currants OR 1
cup dried cranberries OR 1
cup chopped pitted prunes
|
|
Rice--white
|
1 cup, cooked
|
1 cup cooked barley OR 1
cup cooked bulgur OR 1
cup cooked brown or wild rice
|
|
Ricotta
|
1 cup
|
1 cup dry cottage cheese OR 1
cup silken tofu
|
|
Rum
|
1 tablespoon
|
1/2 teaspoon rum extract, plus enough water to make 1
tablespoon
|
|
Saffron
|
1/4 teaspoon
|
1/4 teaspoon turmeric
|
|
Salami
|
1 ounce
|
1 ounce pepperoni
|
|
Semisweet chocolate chips
|
1 cup
|
1 cup chocolate candies OR 1
cup peanut butter or other flavored chips OR 1
cup chopped nuts OR 1
cup chopped dried fruit
|
|
Shallots, chopped
|
1/2 cup
|
1/2 cup chopped onion, OR 1/2
cup chopped leek OR 1/2
cup chopped green onion
|
|
Shortening
|
1 cup
|
1 cup butter OR 1
cup margarine minus 1/2 teaspoon salt from recipe
|
|
Sour cream
|
1 cup
|
1 cup plain yogurt OR 1
tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough cream to make 1 cup OR 3/4 cup buttermilk
mixed with 1/3 cup butter
|
|
Sour milk
|
1 cup
|
1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice mixed with enough milk
to make 1 cup: Let stand 5 minutes to thicken
|
|
Soy sauce
|
1/2 cup
|
4 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce mixed with 1 tablespoon
water
|
|
Stock--beef or chicken
|
1 cup
|
1 cube beef or chicken bouillon dissolved in 1 cup water
|
|
Sweetened condensed milk
|
1 (14-ounce) can
|
3/4 cup white sugar mixed with 1/2 cup water and 1 1/8
cups dry powdered milk: Bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until
thickened, about 20 minutes
|
|
Vegetable oil--for baking
|
1 cup
|
1 cup applesauce OR 1
cup fruit puree
|
|
Vegetable oil--for frying
|
1 cup
|
1 cup lard OR 1
cup vegetable shortening
|
|
Vinegar
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 teaspoon lemon or lime juice OR 2 teaspoons white wine
|
|
White sugar
|
1 cup
|
1 cup brown sugar OR 1
1/4 cups confectioners' sugar OR 3/4
cup honey OR3/4 cup corn syrup
|
|
Wine
|
1 cup
|
1 cup chicken or beef broth OR 1
cup fruit juice mixed with 2 teaspoons vinegar OR 1
cup water
|
|
Yeast-active dry
|
1 (.25-ounce) package
|
1 cake compressed yeast OR 2
1/2 teaspoons active dry yeast OR 2
1/2 teaspoons rapid rise yeast
|
|
Yogurt
|
1 cup
|
1 cup sour cream OR 1
cup buttermilk OR 1
cup sour milk
|